Application Of 3D Printing Technology In The Field Of Dental Implantology
1. Dental implant guide
When the implant technology is still in the early stage of development, the angle and position of the implant need to be determined according to the local bone tissue after the mucoperiosteal flap is opened during the operation. The operation is prone to adverse results such as incorrect implant position, which will affect the quality of the implant. Post-repair effects. The early press-film surgical guides had problems such as too large undercuts and easy deformation. More importantly, the pressure-film guide plate is made on a diagnostic model, which cannot refer to bone tissue information and cannot clarify the three-dimensional structure of the jaw in the implanted area. Patients with poor oral conditions such as denture restoration or full dentition implant restoration.
With the continuous advancement of three-dimensional imaging technology and computer technology, digital technology has been greatly developed in the field of oral implantology. Using computed tomography or optical scanning, combined with the parameters of the anatomical structure and the prosthesis, to obtain three-dimensional digital implant data, the anatomy of the implant area can be analyzed before surgery, and the position of the implant can be reasonably designed. According to the above design, using 3D printing technology to make the planting guide plate can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional laminated guide plate. Not only that, the combination of chairside optical scanning and 3D printing technology can collect data and print out the implant guide plate at the chairside during the first visit, and then use the guide plate to assist in the accurate placement of the implant during the follow-up visit, reducing the treatment and time required for surgery cost. At this stage, the materials of the planting guide plates manufactured by 3D printing technology are mostly resin materials.
2. Oral implants
Titanium and its alloys are currently widely used in oral implants due to their low density, high strength, excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In oral implantology, the survival rate of the implant is affected by its initial stability, and osseointegration is the key to the initial stability. At present, a variety of traditional modification methods can improve the surface activity of implants and can create pores on the surface of implants, thereby optimizing their mechanical and physical properties and biocompatibility to improve osseointegration. However, the above methods cannot completely and accurately control the external shape of the implant and the connectivity of the internal pores. The gradient structure of the pores of the implant cannot be strictly controlled, and the optimum size and mechanical strength cannot be achieved.
With the development of 3D printing manufacturing technology, it is expected to overcome the shortcomings of traditional modification methods. Implants with complex geometry and strict gradient changes in pore structure can be manufactured by using DMLS. Significant implant porosity may be more conducive to bone ingrowth and vascularization to improve osseointegration. In addition, the yield strength and elastic modulus of this implant are closer to the bone tissue at the implant-bone interface, which has the advantage of reducing the stress shielding effect and preventing the resorption of new bone.